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| This dictionary contains: 8526 juridical terms |
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Pennsylvania rule
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Pennsylvania ruleAn almost irrefutable presumption of causation in ship collisions in American maritime law, established by the United States Supreme Court's decision in The Pennsylvania, whereby when a ship, at the time of the collision, is in violation of a statutory rule, that violation is deemed to be at least a contributory cause of the collision. The presumption may only be rebutted by proof that the violation could not have been a cause of the collision.
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
Presumption
evidence. An inference as to the existence of one fact, from the existence of some other fact, founded on a previous experience of their connexion
Ship
This word, in its most enlarged sense, signifies a vessel employed in navigation; for example, the terms the ship's papers, the ship's hushand, shipwreck, and the like, are employed whether the vessel referred to be a brig, a sloop, or a three-masted vessel.
Maritime
That which belongs to or is connected with the sea.
Law
A rule or body of rules of conduct inherent in human nature and essential to or binding upon human society. The learned profession that is mastered by graduate study in a law school and that is responsible for the judicial system.
States
By this name are understood in some countries, the assembly of the different orders of the people to regulate the affairs of the commonwealth, as, the states general.
Supreme
That which is superior to all other things; as the supreme power of the state, which is an authority over all others. The supreme court, which is superior to all other courts.
Decision
Practice. A judgment given by a competent tribunal. The French lawyers call the opinions which they give on questions propounded to them, decisions.
Pennsylvania
The name of one of the original states of the United States of America. Pennsylvania was occupied by planters of various nations, Dutch Swedes, English, and others; but obtained no separate name until the year 1681, when Charles II. granted a charter to William Penn, by which he became its proprietary, saving, however, allegiance to the crown, which retained the sovereignty of the country.
When
1) At which time, in wills, standing by itself unqualified and unexplained, this is a word of condition denoting the time at which the gift is to continence. 2) The context of a will may show that the word when is to be applied to the possession only, not to the vesting of a legacy; but to justify this construction, there must be circumstances, or other expressions in the will, showing such to have been the testator's intent.
Time
Contracts, evidence, practice. The measure of duration., It is divided into years, months. days, hours, minutes, and seconds. It is also divided into day and night. 2) Pleading. The avertment of time is generally necessary in pleading; the rules are different, in different actions.
Violation
An act done unlawfully and with force. In the English stat. it is declared to be high treason in any person who shall violate the king's companion; and it is equally high treason in her to suffer willingly such violation. This word has been construed under this statute to mean carnal knowledge.
Statutory
Relating to a statute; created or defined by a law.
Rule
This is a metaphorical expression borrowed from mechanics. The rule, in its proper and natural sense, is an instrument by means of which may be drawn from one point to another, the shortest possible line, which is called a straight line.
Cause
1) Civil law. It signifies the delivery of the thing, or the accomplishment of the act which is the object of a convention. 2) It is the consideration or motive for making a contract. 3) Pleading. The reason; the motive. 4) Practice. A contested question before a court of justice; it is a Suit or action.
Proof
Practice. The conviction or persuasion of the mind of a judge or jury, by the exhibition of evidence, of the reality of a fact alleged: as, to prove, is to determine or persuade that a thing does or does not exist.
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
Pennsylvania
The name of one of the original states of the United States of America. Pennsylvania was occupied by planters of various nations, Dutch Swedes, English, and others; but obtained no separate name until the year 1681, when Charles II. granted a charter to William Penn, by which he became its proprietary, saving, however, allegiance to the crown, which retained the sovereignty of the country.
Penny
The name of an English coin of the value of one-twelfth part of a shilling.
Pennyweight
A troy weight which weighs twenty-four grains, or one-twentieth part of an ounce.
PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS--------------------------------------
Pendente lite
Pending the continuance of an action, while litigation continues.
Pendentes
Civil law. The fruits of the earth not yet separated from the ground; the fruits hanging by the roots.
Penetration
Crimes. The act of inserting the penis into the female organs of generation.
Penitentiary
A prison for the punishment of convicts.
Pennsylvania
The name of one of the original states of the United States of America. Pennsylvania was occupied by planters of various nations, Dutch Swedes, English, and others; but obtained no separate name until the year 1681, when Charles II. granted a charter to William Penn, by which he became its proprietary, saving, however, allegiance to the crown, which retained the sovereignty of the country.
Pennsylvania rule
Penny
The name of an English coin of the value of one-twelfth part of a shilling.
Pennyweight
A troy weight which weighs twenty-four grains, or one-twentieth part of an ounce.
Pension
A stated and certain allowance granted by the government to an individual, or those who represent him, for valuable services performed by him for the country.
Pensioner
One who is supported by an allowance at the will of another. It is more usually applied to him who receives an annuity or pension from the government.
Peonia
Spanish law. A portion of land which was formerly given to a simple soldier, on the conquest of a country. It is now a quantity of land, of different size in different provinces. In the Spanish possessions in America, it measured fifty feet front and one hundred feet deep.
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
Presumption
evidence. An inference as to the existence of one fact, from the existence of some other fact, founded on a previous experience of their connexion
Ship
This word, in its most enlarged sense, signifies a vessel employed in navigation; for example, the terms the ship's papers, the ship's hushand, shipwreck, and the like, are employed whether the vessel referred to be a brig, a sloop, or a three-masted vessel.
Maritime
That which belongs to or is connected with the sea.
Law
A rule or body of rules of conduct inherent in human nature and essential to or binding upon human society. The learned profession that is mastered by graduate study in a law school and that is responsible for the judicial system.
States
By this name are understood in some countries, the assembly of the different orders of the people to regulate the affairs of the commonwealth, as, the states general.
Supreme
That which is superior to all other things; as the supreme power of the state, which is an authority over all others. The supreme court, which is superior to all other courts.
Decision
Practice. A judgment given by a competent tribunal. The French lawyers call the opinions which they give on questions propounded to them, decisions.
Pennsylvania
The name of one of the original states of the United States of America. Pennsylvania was occupied by planters of various nations, Dutch Swedes, English, and others; but obtained no separate name until the year 1681, when Charles II. granted a charter to William Penn, by which he became its proprietary, saving, however, allegiance to the crown, which retained the sovereignty of the country.
When
1) At which time, in wills, standing by itself unqualified and unexplained, this is a word of condition denoting the time at which the gift is to continence. 2) The context of a will may show that the word when is to be applied to the possession only, not to the vesting of a legacy; but to justify this construction, there must be circumstances, or other expressions in the will, showing such to have been the testator's intent.
Time
Contracts, evidence, practice. The measure of duration., It is divided into years, months. days, hours, minutes, and seconds. It is also divided into day and night. 2) Pleading. The avertment of time is generally necessary in pleading; the rules are different, in different actions.
Violation
An act done unlawfully and with force. In the English stat. it is declared to be high treason in any person who shall violate the king's companion; and it is equally high treason in her to suffer willingly such violation. This word has been construed under this statute to mean carnal knowledge.
Statutory
Relating to a statute; created or defined by a law.
Rule
This is a metaphorical expression borrowed from mechanics. The rule, in its proper and natural sense, is an instrument by means of which may be drawn from one point to another, the shortest possible line, which is called a straight line.
Cause
1) Civil law. It signifies the delivery of the thing, or the accomplishment of the act which is the object of a convention. 2) It is the consideration or motive for making a contract. 3) Pleading. The reason; the motive. 4) Practice. A contested question before a court of justice; it is a Suit or action.
Proof
Practice. The conviction or persuasion of the mind of a judge or jury, by the exhibition of evidence, of the reality of a fact alleged: as, to prove, is to determine or persuade that a thing does or does not exist.
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
Pennsylvania
The name of one of the original states of the United States of America. Pennsylvania was occupied by planters of various nations, Dutch Swedes, English, and others; but obtained no separate name until the year 1681, when Charles II. granted a charter to William Penn, by which he became its proprietary, saving, however, allegiance to the crown, which retained the sovereignty of the country.
Penny
The name of an English coin of the value of one-twelfth part of a shilling.
Pennyweight
A troy weight which weighs twenty-four grains, or one-twentieth part of an ounce.
PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS--------------------------------------
Pendente lite
Pending the continuance of an action, while litigation continues.
Pendentes
Civil law. The fruits of the earth not yet separated from the ground; the fruits hanging by the roots.
Penetration
Crimes. The act of inserting the penis into the female organs of generation.
Penitentiary
A prison for the punishment of convicts.
Pennsylvania
The name of one of the original states of the United States of America. Pennsylvania was occupied by planters of various nations, Dutch Swedes, English, and others; but obtained no separate name until the year 1681, when Charles II. granted a charter to William Penn, by which he became its proprietary, saving, however, allegiance to the crown, which retained the sovereignty of the country.
Pennsylvania rule
Penny
The name of an English coin of the value of one-twelfth part of a shilling.
Pennyweight
A troy weight which weighs twenty-four grains, or one-twentieth part of an ounce.
Pension
A stated and certain allowance granted by the government to an individual, or those who represent him, for valuable services performed by him for the country.
Pensioner
One who is supported by an allowance at the will of another. It is more usually applied to him who receives an annuity or pension from the government.
Peonia
Spanish law. A portion of land which was formerly given to a simple soldier, on the conquest of a country. It is now a quantity of land, of different size in different provinces. In the Spanish possessions in America, it measured fifty feet front and one hundred feet deep.
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This dictionary contains 8526 terms.
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