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| This dictionary contains: 8526 juridical terms |
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Natural affection
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Natural affectionThe affection which a husband, a father, a brother, or other near relative, naturally feels towards those who are so nearly allied to him, sometimes supplies the place of a valuable consideration in contracts; and natural affection is a good consideration in a deed For example, if a father should covenant without any other consideration to stand seised to the use of his child, the naming him to be of kin implies the consideration of natural affection, whereupon such use will arise.
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
Affection
Contracts. The making over, pawning, or mortgaging a thing to assurp the payment of a sum of money, or the discharge of some other duty or service.
Husband
Maritime law. The name of an agent who is authorized to make the necessary repairs to a ship, and to act in relation to the ship, generally, for the owner. He is usually called ship's hushand.
Father
Domestic relations. He by whom a child is begotten.
Brother
Domestic relat. He who is born from the same father and mother with another, or from one of them only.
Relative
One connected with another by blood or affinity; a relation, a kinsman or kinswoman. In an adjective sense, having relation or connexion with some other person or thing; as relative rights, relative powers.
Supplies
English law. Extraordinary grants to the king by parliament, to supply the exigencies of the state.
Place
Pleading, evidence. A particular portion of space; locality.
Consideration
Under common law, there can be no binding contract without consideration, which was defined in an 1875 English decision as "some right, interest, profit or benefit accruing to the one party, or some forbearance, detriment, loss or responsibility given, suffered or undertaken by the other". Common law did not want to allow gratuitous offers, those made without anything offered in exchange (such as gifts), to be given the protection of contract law. So they added the criteria of consideration. Consideration is not required in contracts made in civil law systems and many common law states have adopted laws which remove consideration as a prerequisite of a valid contract.
Deed
Only in relatively rare circumstances is a deed required to complete a transaction. In a commercial situation the most common use is where a variation or concession is made without the other party giving anything in return. A deed is enforceable regardless of the legal requirements for contracts such as the need for consideration. Where a deed is necessary, there are special requirements for a company wishing to enter into such an arrangement which may either involve use of the company or the signature of two directors or a director and a company secretary.
Example
An example is a case put to illustrate a. principle.
Covenant
A written document in which signatories either commit themselves to do a certain thing, to not do a certain thing or in which they agree on a certain set of facts. They are very common in real property dealings and are used to restrict land use such as amongst shopping mall tenants or for the purpose of preserving heritage property. For example, a coventor to a mortgage commits themself to pay the mortgage if the mortgagor defaults.
Without
Pleading. This word is adopted in formal traverses, and is a negative signifying "and not for;" accordingly the language of the elder entries sometimes is, It et nemy pur tiel cause.
Stand
To stand. To abide by a thing; to submit to a decision; to comply with an agreement; to have validity, as the judgment must stand.
Child
Generally, an unmarried person under 21 years of age who is: a child born in wedlock; a stepchild, provided that the child was under 18 years of age at the time that the marriage creating the stepchild relationship occurred; a legitimated child, provided that the child was legitimated while in the legal custody of the legitimating parent; a child born out of wedlock, when a benefit is sought on the basis of its relationship with its mother, or to its father if the father has or had a bona fide relationship with the child; a child adopted while under 16 years of age who has resided since adoption in the legal custody of the adopting parents for at least 2 years; or an orphan, under 16 years of age, who has been adopted abroad by a U.S. citizen or has an immediate-relative visa petition submitted in his/her behalf and is coming to the United States for adoption by a U.S. citizen.
Will
A will is a legal document in which a person directs how his property is to be distributed after his death. Such documents must be executed in due form and must be duly witnessed.
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
Natural children
In the phraseology of the English or American law, natural children are children born out of wedlock, or bastards, and are distinguished from legitimate children; but in the language of the civil law, natural are distinguished from adoptive children, that is, they are the children of the parents spoken of, by natural procreation.
Natural day
That space of time included between the rising and the setting of the sun.
Natural death
Death by visitation of the Creator; death from the unassisted operation of natural causes.
Natural equity
That which is founded in natural justice, in honesty and right, and which arises ex aequo et bono. It corresponds precisely with the definition of justice or natural law, which is a constant and perpetual. will to give to every man what is his. This kind of equity embraces so wide a range, that human tribunals have never attempted to enforce it. Every code of laws has left many matters of natural justice or equity wholly unprovided for, from the difficulty of framing general rules to meet them, from the almost impossibility of enforcing them, and from the doubtful nature of the policy of attempting to give a legal sanction to duties of imperfect obligation, such as charity, gratitude, or kindness.
Natural fool
An idiot; one born without the reasoning powers, or a capacity to acquire them.
Natural fruits
The natural production of trees, bushes, and other plants, for the use of men and animals, and for the reproduction of such trees, bushes or plants.
Natural justice
A word used to refer to situations where audi alteram partem (the right to be heard) and nemo judex in parte sua (no person may judge their own case) apply. The principles of natural justice were derived from the Romans who believed that some legal principles were "natural" or self-evident and did not require a statutory basis. These two basic legal safeguards govern all decisions by judges or government officials when they take quasi-judicial or judicial decisions.
Natural law, or law of nature
The rule of human action prescribed by the Creator, and discoverable by the light of reason.
Natural liberty
Consists in the power of acting as one thinks fit, without any restrain or control, unless by the laws of nature. "Moral liberty" or "natural liberty" is the right which nature gives to all mankind of disposing of their persons or property after the manner they judge most consonant to their happiness, on condition of their acting within the limits of the law of nature, and that they do not in any way abuse it to the prejudice of any other man.
Natural obligation
Civil law. One which in honor and conscience binds the person who has contracted it, but which cannot be enforeed in a court of justice.
Natural presumptions
Evidence. Presumptions of fact; those which depend upon their own form and efficacy in generating belief or conviction in the mind, as derived from those connexions which are pointed out by experience; they are independent of any artificial connexions, and differ from mere presumptions of law in this essential respect, that the latter depend on and are a branch of th& particular system of jurisprudence to which they belong; but mere natural presumptions are derived wholly by means of the common experience of mankind, without the aid or control of any particular rule of law, but simply from the course of nature and the habits of society. These presumptions fall within the exclusive province of the jury, who are to pass upon the facts.
Natural sevitudes
Civil law. Those servitudes which arise in consequence of the nature of the soil.
Naturalization
The act by which an alien is made a citizen of the United States of America.
Naturalization application
The form used by a lawful permanent resident to apply for U.S. citizenship. The application is filed with U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services at the Service Center with jurisdiction over the applicant’s place of residence.
Naturalized citizen
One who, being born an alien, has lawfully become a citizen of the United States Under the constitution and laws.
PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS--------------------------------------
National treatment
A tenet of international trade agreements whereby nations must afford imported goods the same treatment that they afford domestic or "national" products (no discrimination).
Nationality
The state of a person in relation to the nation in which he was born.
Nations
Nations or states are independent bodies politic; societies of men united together for the purpose of promoting their mutual safety and advantage by the joint efforts of their combined strength.
Natives
All persons born within the jurisdiction of the United States, are considered as natives. Natives will be classed into those born before the declaration of independence, and those born since.
Nato official
As a nonimmigrant class of admission, an alien coming temporarily to the United States as a member of the armed forces or as a civilian employed by the armed forces on assignment with a foreign government signatory to NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization), and the alien’s spouse and unmarried minor (or dependent) children.
Natural affection
Natural children
In the phraseology of the English or American law, natural children are children born out of wedlock, or bastards, and are distinguished from legitimate children; but in the language of the civil law, natural are distinguished from adoptive children, that is, they are the children of the parents spoken of, by natural procreation.
Natural day
That space of time included between the rising and the setting of the sun.
Natural death
Death by visitation of the Creator; death from the unassisted operation of natural causes.
Natural equity
That which is founded in natural justice, in honesty and right, and which arises ex aequo et bono. It corresponds precisely with the definition of justice or natural law, which is a constant and perpetual. will to give to every man what is his. This kind of equity embraces so wide a range, that human tribunals have never attempted to enforce it. Every code of laws has left many matters of natural justice or equity wholly unprovided for, from the difficulty of framing general rules to meet them, from the almost impossibility of enforcing them, and from the doubtful nature of the policy of attempting to give a legal sanction to duties of imperfect obligation, such as charity, gratitude, or kindness.
Natural fool
An idiot; one born without the reasoning powers, or a capacity to acquire them.
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
Affection
Contracts. The making over, pawning, or mortgaging a thing to assurp the payment of a sum of money, or the discharge of some other duty or service.
Husband
Maritime law. The name of an agent who is authorized to make the necessary repairs to a ship, and to act in relation to the ship, generally, for the owner. He is usually called ship's hushand.
Father
Domestic relations. He by whom a child is begotten.
Brother
Domestic relat. He who is born from the same father and mother with another, or from one of them only.
Relative
One connected with another by blood or affinity; a relation, a kinsman or kinswoman. In an adjective sense, having relation or connexion with some other person or thing; as relative rights, relative powers.
Supplies
English law. Extraordinary grants to the king by parliament, to supply the exigencies of the state.
Place
Pleading, evidence. A particular portion of space; locality.
Consideration
Under common law, there can be no binding contract without consideration, which was defined in an 1875 English decision as "some right, interest, profit or benefit accruing to the one party, or some forbearance, detriment, loss or responsibility given, suffered or undertaken by the other". Common law did not want to allow gratuitous offers, those made without anything offered in exchange (such as gifts), to be given the protection of contract law. So they added the criteria of consideration. Consideration is not required in contracts made in civil law systems and many common law states have adopted laws which remove consideration as a prerequisite of a valid contract.
Deed
Only in relatively rare circumstances is a deed required to complete a transaction. In a commercial situation the most common use is where a variation or concession is made without the other party giving anything in return. A deed is enforceable regardless of the legal requirements for contracts such as the need for consideration. Where a deed is necessary, there are special requirements for a company wishing to enter into such an arrangement which may either involve use of the company or the signature of two directors or a director and a company secretary.
Example
An example is a case put to illustrate a. principle.
Covenant
A written document in which signatories either commit themselves to do a certain thing, to not do a certain thing or in which they agree on a certain set of facts. They are very common in real property dealings and are used to restrict land use such as amongst shopping mall tenants or for the purpose of preserving heritage property. For example, a coventor to a mortgage commits themself to pay the mortgage if the mortgagor defaults.
Without
Pleading. This word is adopted in formal traverses, and is a negative signifying "and not for;" accordingly the language of the elder entries sometimes is, It et nemy pur tiel cause.
Stand
To stand. To abide by a thing; to submit to a decision; to comply with an agreement; to have validity, as the judgment must stand.
Child
Generally, an unmarried person under 21 years of age who is: a child born in wedlock; a stepchild, provided that the child was under 18 years of age at the time that the marriage creating the stepchild relationship occurred; a legitimated child, provided that the child was legitimated while in the legal custody of the legitimating parent; a child born out of wedlock, when a benefit is sought on the basis of its relationship with its mother, or to its father if the father has or had a bona fide relationship with the child; a child adopted while under 16 years of age who has resided since adoption in the legal custody of the adopting parents for at least 2 years; or an orphan, under 16 years of age, who has been adopted abroad by a U.S. citizen or has an immediate-relative visa petition submitted in his/her behalf and is coming to the United States for adoption by a U.S. citizen.
Will
A will is a legal document in which a person directs how his property is to be distributed after his death. Such documents must be executed in due form and must be duly witnessed.
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
Natural children
In the phraseology of the English or American law, natural children are children born out of wedlock, or bastards, and are distinguished from legitimate children; but in the language of the civil law, natural are distinguished from adoptive children, that is, they are the children of the parents spoken of, by natural procreation.
Natural day
That space of time included between the rising and the setting of the sun.
Natural death
Death by visitation of the Creator; death from the unassisted operation of natural causes.
Natural equity
That which is founded in natural justice, in honesty and right, and which arises ex aequo et bono. It corresponds precisely with the definition of justice or natural law, which is a constant and perpetual. will to give to every man what is his. This kind of equity embraces so wide a range, that human tribunals have never attempted to enforce it. Every code of laws has left many matters of natural justice or equity wholly unprovided for, from the difficulty of framing general rules to meet them, from the almost impossibility of enforcing them, and from the doubtful nature of the policy of attempting to give a legal sanction to duties of imperfect obligation, such as charity, gratitude, or kindness.
Natural fool
An idiot; one born without the reasoning powers, or a capacity to acquire them.
Natural fruits
The natural production of trees, bushes, and other plants, for the use of men and animals, and for the reproduction of such trees, bushes or plants.
Natural justice
A word used to refer to situations where audi alteram partem (the right to be heard) and nemo judex in parte sua (no person may judge their own case) apply. The principles of natural justice were derived from the Romans who believed that some legal principles were "natural" or self-evident and did not require a statutory basis. These two basic legal safeguards govern all decisions by judges or government officials when they take quasi-judicial or judicial decisions.
Natural law, or law of nature
The rule of human action prescribed by the Creator, and discoverable by the light of reason.
Natural liberty
Consists in the power of acting as one thinks fit, without any restrain or control, unless by the laws of nature. "Moral liberty" or "natural liberty" is the right which nature gives to all mankind of disposing of their persons or property after the manner they judge most consonant to their happiness, on condition of their acting within the limits of the law of nature, and that they do not in any way abuse it to the prejudice of any other man.
Natural obligation
Civil law. One which in honor and conscience binds the person who has contracted it, but which cannot be enforeed in a court of justice.
Natural presumptions
Evidence. Presumptions of fact; those which depend upon their own form and efficacy in generating belief or conviction in the mind, as derived from those connexions which are pointed out by experience; they are independent of any artificial connexions, and differ from mere presumptions of law in this essential respect, that the latter depend on and are a branch of th& particular system of jurisprudence to which they belong; but mere natural presumptions are derived wholly by means of the common experience of mankind, without the aid or control of any particular rule of law, but simply from the course of nature and the habits of society. These presumptions fall within the exclusive province of the jury, who are to pass upon the facts.
Natural sevitudes
Civil law. Those servitudes which arise in consequence of the nature of the soil.
Naturalization
The act by which an alien is made a citizen of the United States of America.
Naturalization application
The form used by a lawful permanent resident to apply for U.S. citizenship. The application is filed with U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services at the Service Center with jurisdiction over the applicant’s place of residence.
Naturalized citizen
One who, being born an alien, has lawfully become a citizen of the United States Under the constitution and laws.
PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS--------------------------------------
National treatment
A tenet of international trade agreements whereby nations must afford imported goods the same treatment that they afford domestic or "national" products (no discrimination).
Nationality
The state of a person in relation to the nation in which he was born.
Nations
Nations or states are independent bodies politic; societies of men united together for the purpose of promoting their mutual safety and advantage by the joint efforts of their combined strength.
Natives
All persons born within the jurisdiction of the United States, are considered as natives. Natives will be classed into those born before the declaration of independence, and those born since.
Nato official
As a nonimmigrant class of admission, an alien coming temporarily to the United States as a member of the armed forces or as a civilian employed by the armed forces on assignment with a foreign government signatory to NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization), and the alien’s spouse and unmarried minor (or dependent) children.
Natural affection
Natural children
In the phraseology of the English or American law, natural children are children born out of wedlock, or bastards, and are distinguished from legitimate children; but in the language of the civil law, natural are distinguished from adoptive children, that is, they are the children of the parents spoken of, by natural procreation.
Natural day
That space of time included between the rising and the setting of the sun.
Natural death
Death by visitation of the Creator; death from the unassisted operation of natural causes.
Natural equity
That which is founded in natural justice, in honesty and right, and which arises ex aequo et bono. It corresponds precisely with the definition of justice or natural law, which is a constant and perpetual. will to give to every man what is his. This kind of equity embraces so wide a range, that human tribunals have never attempted to enforce it. Every code of laws has left many matters of natural justice or equity wholly unprovided for, from the difficulty of framing general rules to meet them, from the almost impossibility of enforcing them, and from the doubtful nature of the policy of attempting to give a legal sanction to duties of imperfect obligation, such as charity, gratitude, or kindness.
Natural fool
An idiot; one born without the reasoning powers, or a capacity to acquire them.
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This dictionary contains 8526 terms.
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